Details

General

Morphemic form: N{-ijaq}V
New orthography: -iarpaa, -ajarpaa, -viarpaa, -iaavoq, -ajaavoq, -viaavoq, -iarpoq, -ajarpoq, -viarpoq
Old orthography: -iarpâ
Sources: [9, 12, 11, 14, 8]
Combinations: Click here
Constituents: N{-iq}V, ?,
Variants: N{-ŋijaq}V,
Left sandhi:
Truncative,
/aq/ deleting,
Right sandhi:
Default/none,
Inflection sandhi:
Default/none,
Stem type: q-stem
Diathesis: Patientive (NAP)
Valency:
Divalent,
HTR morpheme: ði
HTR stem: -ijai,

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

The meaning of this affix is 'Agent removes N from Patient', when used transitively. However, it has a rather unobvious meaning when used intransitively without an intervening HTR-morpheme: The expected meaning would be 'Patient is removed from N', but instead the meaning is 'N (of the Patient) is broken/damaged'.

According to the Comparative Eskimo Dictionary [16], the affix derives from a morpheme {ŋiyaʀ-}, which appears to be a combination of {ŋiʀ-}, cf. N{-iq}V, and some other morpheme {yaʀ-}, which they however do not explain. However, Kleinschmidt [9] notes that the present affix seems to be preferred over N{-iq}V, when the material, that is removed, consists of multiple parts, or in some other way will require multiple movements to remove. This suggests that the final segment could be, or be related to, V{-aq}V, although this is only an hypothesis.


Left sandhi:

Left sandhi is inherited from the left-most component, N{-iq}V. See this for details.


Meanings and examples

This can both be in the sense of 'cleans it of N' or 'cuts N off it'. Presumably such that it requires multiple movements.

  • minguiarpaa, he cleans it

    From minguk, 'dirt', i.e. he removes dirt from it.

  • sikuiarpaa, he cleans it free of ice

    From siku, 'ice'.

  • aputaajarpaa, he cleans it free of snow

    From {aputə}N, 'snow', i.e. a tə-stem, where we see /ə/ taking the sound [a] as expected. Note that the /j/ appears here, because the preceding /i/ has been assimilated to [a].

  • neqaajarpaa, he cuts the meat of it

    From {nəqə}N, 'meat', i.e. a true ə-stem, where /ə/ takes the sound [a] as expected. Note that the /j/ appears here, because the preceding /i/ has been assimilated to [a].

  • aaviarpaa, he cleans the blood of it

    From aak, 'blood'. Notice that an epenthetic /v/ is injected here, as expected, because of the preceding [aa].

  • sikuiaavoq, he removes the ice

    Intransitive form with HTR.

  • neqaajaavoq, he removes the meat

    Intransitive form with HTR.

  • naneruutaajaavoq, he takes away the candles

    Intransitive form with HTR.

  • puugutaajaavoq, he puts away the plates

    E.g. from the table, after dinner. Intransitive form with HTR.

  • aajaavoq, he cleans away the blood

    Intransitive form with HTR.

Or 'damaged'. This meaning only occurs when the affix is used intransitively without a HTR-morpheme.

  • siniffiiarpoq, the bed is broken [14]
  • iputaajarpoq, the oar broke

    From iput, 'oar', i.e. a tə-stem.

  • taliiarpoq, his arms are tired [14]

    I.e., they are 'broken' (not in the literal sense of broken bones), from taleq, 'arm'.


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