Details
General
| Morphemic form: | N{luk}V |
| New orthography: | +luppoq |
| Old orthography: | -dlugpoĸ, -lugpoĸ |
| Combinations: | Click here |
| See also: | N{-gik}V, V{nəqluk}V, |
| Left sandhi: | Default,
|
| Right sandhi: | Default/none,
|
| Inflection sandhi: | Default/none,
|
| Stem type: | k-stem |
| Diathesis: | Subjective |
| Valency change: | None |
| Valency: | Monovalent,
|
Description and behaviour
Form and usage:
The meaning of this affix is 'Actor has bad/painful N'; the latter in the case of limbs/body parts.
Thus, this affix is the antonym of N{-gik}V.
See also the combination V{nəqluk}V for a verbal variant.
Left sandhi:
Schultz-Lorentzen (1958) mentions a single example, where this affix seems to have elided a preceding /ə/ (on a tə-stem), but this does not seem to be productive behaviour. Indeed, there are two different, lexicalised words, both derived from {avatə}N, 'limb', with /ə/ having been elided in one case, but not the other:
- avatiluppoq, 'he has deformed limbs', regularly formed with the affix attaching to /ə/.
- avalluppoq, 'he has arthritis', irregularly formed with /ə/ having been elided and the affix attaching directly to /t/.
Kleinschmidt (1871) mentions another example of this, from ameq, 'skin/hide', where the affix appears to have been used truncatively:
- amerluppoq, 'it has bad skin' (referring to the skin on a boat), regularly formed with the affix joining onto /q/.
- amiluppoq, 'it has bad skin' (referring to an animal), irregularly formed with deletion of /q/.
Schultz-Lorentzen (1958) also gives one example, where the affix appears to have been added truncatively to a stem: erinalugpoĸ, from erinaĸ. However, compare also erinagippoq, 'he has a good voice; sings well' with N{-gik}V, which likewise seems to have been formed with deletion of /q/ (the regular form would be erinarippoq with fusion of /qg/ to /r/). Thus, this may be due to an oddity of erinaq, rather than of the present affix.
As neither of these behaviours appear to be productive, we only register the left-sandhi behaviour as default (here: additive).
Meanings and examples
- atisarluppoq, he has bad clothes; is badly dressed
[4]
From atisaq, 'piece of clothing'.
- erinaluppoq, he sings badly
[4]
From erinaq, 'melody/tune'. This is irregularly formed, since /q/ appears to have been deleted, but it may be due to an oddity of the base, erinaq, rather than of this affix.
- akiluppoq, he pays badly
[4]
From aki, 'price' or 'payment means'.
- niaqorluppoq, he has a headache
[4]
From niaqoq, 'head'.
- sannatiluppoq, he has bad/poor tools
[13]
From sannat, 'tool'.
- isiluppoq, he has pain in his eyes
[8]
From isi, 'eye'.
- kamilluppoq, he has bad boots
[8]
From kamik, 'boot'.
- kigutiluppoq, he has bad/rotten teeth
[8]
From kigut, 'tooth'.
- qanerluppoq, he has an infection in his mouth; he has a bad taste in his mouth
[4]
From qaneq, 'mouth'.
References
- [4] C.W. Schultz-Lorentzen (1958): Den Grønlandske Ordbog.
- [6] Jonathan Petersen (1967): Ordbogêraĸ.
- [8] Christian Berthelsen, Birgitte Jakobsen, Robert Petersen, Inge Kleivan & Jørgen Rischel (1997): Oqaatsit.
- [13] Samuel Kleinschmidt (1871): Den grønlandske Ordbog.