Details

General

Morphemic form: N{-lijaq}N
New orthography: -liaq
Old orthography: -liaĸ, -iaĸ
Combinations: Click here
Constituents: N{-li}V, V{-ðaq}N,
See also: N{kcijaq}N,
Left sandhi:
Truncative,
Replacive,
/VC/ deleting,
Right sandhi:
/aq/ drop,
Inflection sandhi:
Geminating,
Default/none,
Stem type: Weak q-stem

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

The meaning of this affix is 'a made N', or 'an N that someone made'. It is a non-standard combination of non-productive N{-li}V 'make' (in its divalent sense) and the non-productive form {-aq} of the passive participle V{-ðaq}N, with an apparent weakening of /ð/ to /j/. However, this /j/ is not written in the new orthography following [i].


Left sandhi:

Left sandhi is inherited from the left-most component, N{-li}V. See this for details.


Right sandhi:

Right sandhi is inherited from the right-most component, V{-ðaq}N. See this for details.


Inflection sandhi:

According to Schultz-Lorentzen (1951), the unwritten /j/ resurfaces in gemination as [cc], which is visible in words such as ássiliaĸ, ássilíssat, which is also documented in Ordbogeeraq (1951). However, contrary to Schultz-Lorentzen, Ordbogeeraq does not note that this affix has gemination. Thus, it may be that this affix had gemination at one point, but that this declension has fallen out of use. We therefore record two declensions, both with, and without, gemination.


Inflection

Declension pattern
Declension type: p-declined
Declension sandhi: Geminating
Gemination type: j⇒cc

Stem before consonant Stem before vowel Notable forms
New orthography -lissa -lia
-liaq
-lissap
-lissat
Phonemic orthography -lijja -lija
-lijaq
-lijjap
-lijjat

Notes on declension:

This is the declension with gemination. The /j/, which is not written in the new orthography due to the preceding [i], is presumably a reflex of the initial /ð/ from the passive participle, and it reappears through gemination as [cc], spelt 'ss' in the new orthography.


Declension pattern
Declension type: p-declined
Declension sandhi: Default/none

Stem before consonant Stem before vowel Notable forms
New orthography -lia -lia
-liaq
-liap
-liat
Phonemic orthography -lija -lija
-lijaq
-lijap
-lijat

Notes on declension:

This is the declension without gemination. This is presumably the one used regularly today.


Meanings and examples

  • kaagiliaq, a cake (someone) has made

    For example in the construction nammineq kaagiliaq, 'home-made cake' (literally 'self-made cake').

  • ungaluliaq, fence
    [4]

    From ungaloq, which also means 'fence'.

  • ajortuliaq, misdeed
    [4]

    From ajortoq, 'something that is bad'.

  • tuukkiaq, a produced harpoon
    [4]

    From tuukkaq, 'harpoon tip'. Here the affix has deleted the final /VC/, similar to the affix N{-li}V.

  • imertaasiara, the bucket I have made
    [4]

    From imertaat, 'bucket' i.e. {əməq}N{taq}V{-utə}N, literally 'tool for fetching water', with N{-liaq}N causing replacivity, so /təl/ ⇒ /s/. Finally we have the absolutive possessive 1sg/sg ending N{ga}, which yields a construction similar to the ones with the passive participle V{-ðaq}N + a possessive ending.

  • immiaq, beer
    [4]

    From {əməq}N, 'water'. Here we see the affix having deleted the final /VC/, i.e. /əq/, which has caused compensatory gemination of /m/ ⇒ /mm/ in the stem.


References