Details

General

Morphemic form: N{-lijaq}N
New orthography: -liaq
Old orthography: -liaĸ, -iaĸ
Combinations: Click here
Constituents: N{-li}V, V{-ðaq}N,
Left sandhi:
Truncative,
Replacive,
/VC/ deleting,
Right sandhi:
/aq/ drop,
Inflection sandhi:
Geminating,
Stem type: Weak q-stem

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

The meaning of this affix is 'a made N', or 'an N that someone made'. It is a non-standard combination of non-productive N{-li}V 'make' (in its divalent sense) and the non-productive form {-aq} of the passive participle V{-ðaq}N, with an apparent weakening of /ð/ to /j/. This /j/ then resurfaces in gemination as [cc]. Despite the combination being irregular by the modern-day rules, we nevertheless record it as a combination, because it inherits all the peculiar left-sandhi behaviour of N{-li}V.


Left sandhi:

Left sandhi is inherited from the left-most component, N{-li}V. See this for details.


Right sandhi:

Right sandhi is inherited from the right-most component, V{-ðaq}N. See this for details.


Inflection

Declension pattern
Declension type: p-declined
Declension sandhi: Geminating
Gemination type: j⇒cc

Stem before consonant Stem before vowel Notable forms
New orthography -lissa -lia
-liaq
-lissap
-lissat
Phonemic orthography -lijja -lija
-lijaq
-lijjap
-lijjat

Notes on declension:

The /j/, which is not written in the new orthography due to the preceding [i], is presumably a reflex of the initial /ð/ from the passive participle, and it reappears through gemination as [cc], spelt 'ss' in the new orthography.


Meanings and examples

  • kaagiliaq, a cake (someone) has made

    For example in the construction nammineq kaagiliaq, 'home-made cake' (literally 'self-made cake').

  • ungaluliaq, fence
    [4]

    From ungaloq, which also means 'fence'.

  • ajortuliaq, misdeed
    [4]

    From ajortoq, 'something that is bad'.

  • tuukkiaq, a produced harpoon
    [4]

    From tuukkaq, 'harpoon tip'. Here the affix has deleted the final /VC/, similar to the affix N{-li}V.

  • imertaasiara, the bucket I have made
    [4]

    From imertaat, 'bucket' i.e. {əməq}N{taq}V{-utə}N, literally 'tool for fetching water', with N{-liaq}N causing replacivity, so /təl/ ⇒ /s/. Finally we have the absolutive possessive 1sg/sg ending N{ga}, which yields a construction similar to the ones with the passive participle V{-ðaq}N + a possessive ending.

  • immiaq, beer
    [4]

    From {əməq}N, 'water'. Here we see the affix having deleted the final /VC/, i.e. /əq/, which has caused compensatory gemination of /m/ ⇒ /mm/ in the stem.


References