Details
General
| Morphemic form: | V{-riaq}V |
| New orthography: | -riarpoq, -riarit, -riarmat, -riarpat, -riarluni |
| Old orthography: | -riarpoĸ |
| Sources: | [13, 17, 16, 19, 11] |
| Combinations: | View list |
| Variants: | N{-riaq}V |
| Left sandhi: | Truncative |
| Right sandhi: | /aq/ drop |
| Inflection sandhi: | Default/none |
| Stem type: | q-stem |
| Diathesis: | None |
| Valency: | Preserving |
| HTR-morphemes: | V{ði}V |
Description and behaviour
Form and usage:
This is a very common affix with a wealth of different meanings.
- Paraphrasing Kleinschmidt [13], it is often used in animated, narrative speech to indicate that the action is ongoing, perhaps comparable to using the present continuative 'Vb'ing' in English.
- Nielsen [11] also records a different meaning: 'once, in a single step', which seems to be with stems describing a state of being.
- It also has special usages in the causative, conditional and contemporative moods, where it is used to order events, i.e. by expressing that something happens/happened before or after something else.
- Lastly, it is used in the imperative mood to draw attention and express something like 'hey, come here and Vb!' or 'come on, Vb!' or similar.
Notable forms:
-
HTR-form:
V{-riaq}V + V{ði}V ⇒ /-riai/
This HTR-form may arise in cases where the present affix is added to a divalent stem before a HTR-morpheme, although this is not common.
Meanings and examples
Seemingly with stems denoting a state of being
- kuseriarpoq, a single drop fell
[11]
From kuserpoq, 'it is dripping'.
- appariarpoq, it (e.g. the temperature) has fallen one degree
[11]
From apparpoq, 'it has descended/gone down'.
- qullariarpoq, it (e.g. the temperature) has risen one degree
[11]
From qullarpoq, 'it has ascended/gone up'.
It denotes that the verbal action is ongoing, perhaps comparable to the present continuative 'Vb'ing' in English.
- iporiaratta ipummersoriaratta taamaattoq aanngariartuinnarpoq, although we rowed and kept rowing for a while, it just became evermore indistinct
[16]
When used with the contemporative mood for constructing an ordered list of actions. See also V{-riiq}V, which can also be used in this sense.
- uffariarlunga ullaakkorsioriarlungalu suliartorpunga, after showering and eating breakfast I went to work
- periarlugu periarlugu kiisa naalippara, after trying and trying (several times, in vain) I finally harpooned it
[16]
- ammariarlugu, as he opened it, (then...)
[19]
From ammarpaa, 'he opens it'.
- orneriarlugu, first he approached him (and then...)
[19]
From ornippaa, 'he approaches him'.
- misileriarlugu, after having tried it (then...)
[19]
From misilippaa, 'he tries it'.
When used with the causative or conditional moods (depending on whether the action is past or future).
- tikeriarama majuarpunga, as soon as I arrived, I went up
[16]
Past action with causative mood.
- tikeriarutta majuassaagut, as soon as we arrive, we will come up
[16]
Future action with conditional mood and V{ssa}V on the main verb.
Animated speech, when used with the imperative mood.
- oqariarit!, come on, say (thou) something!
[16]
- tigoriaruk!, come on, take (thou) it!
[16]
- takoriaruk!, come and see it!
[13]
From takuaa, 'he sees it'.