Details

General

Morphemic form: V{lqainniuut(ə)}V
New orthography: -qqaanniuupput
Old orthography: -rĸáiniũput, -rĸãniũput
Combinations: Click here
Constituents: V{lqaaq}V, ?, V{-(cc)ut(ə)}V,
Left sandhi:
Default,
Right sandhi:
t(ə) sandhi,
Inflection sandhi:
Default/none,
Stem type: t(ə)-stem
Diathesis: Agentive
Valency change: Preserving
Valency:
None,

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

The meaning of this affix is 'several Agents compete at Vb'ing'. Thus, it is always used with subject in plural. It seems that this will usually be used with intransitive endings, which is also to be expected from the reflexive/reciprocal meaning, but there are a few examples of even transitive usage. Thus, we shall record it as valency-preserving.

According to Kleinschmidt (1871), the affix derives from V{lqaaq}V, 'first', followed by one or more unknown morphemes, and finally V{-(cc)ut(ə)}V, here denoting a collective/mutual reflexive/reciprocal action. Kleinschmidt suggests that V{niaq}V is part of the middle segment, but there must be other affixes present as well, to explain the missing final /q/, the extra /n/ and the extra /u/. What these affixes might be is unknow.

Note also that there are two different spellings of this affix in the old orthography. In Kleinschmidt (1871) and Schultz-Lorentzen (1958), it is spelt -rĸáiniũput, but in Ordbogeeraq (1951/1967) it is spelt -rĸãniũput. Here, I have chosen to follow Kleinschmidt w.r.t. the spelling of the morphemic form, since this /i/ may have been audible at the time of Kleinschmidt's writing, but as he also notes himself, he did not know what the source of it was. Thus, it may be spurious.


Right sandhi:

Right sandhi is inherited from the right-most component, V{-(cc)ut(ə)}V. See this for details.


Inflection sandhi:

Inflection sandhi is inherited from the right-most component, V{-(cc)ut(ə)}V. See this for details.


Meanings and examples

Kleinschmidt (1871) also notes that children may use this affix without a verbal ending, i.e. -qqaanniuu! in a mutual optative sense, 'let us see who (of us) will Vb first!'.

  • ipoqqaanniuupput, they compete at rowing
    [13]

    From ipuppoq, 'he rows'.

  • iseqqaanniuupput, they compete at getting in first
    [13]

    From iserpoq, 'he enters'. Here, Kleinschmidt also gives an example of the mutual exhortation/optative usage, iseqqaanniuu!, 'let us see who get in first!'.

  • tikeqqaanniuuppaat, they compete at getting there; reaching the destination first
    [13]

    From tikippaa, 'he reaches it'. Note that this is an example of transitive usage of this affix. Schultz-Lorentzen (1958) has a similar example, tikeqqaanniuukkatsigu, '(because) we competed at getting there first', with a transitive causative ending.


References