Details

General

Morphemic form: V{tcak}V
New orthography: -tsappoq
Old orthography: -tsagpoĸ
Sources: [9, 12, 11, 14]
Combinations: Click here
Left sandhi:
Default,
Right sandhi:
Default/none,
Inflection sandhi:
Default/none,
Stem type: k-stem
Diathesis: None
Valency:
Preserving,

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

This affix is only used with verbs for moods/emotions to indicate a change into a particular mood, feeling or state of mind. Thus, the affix has limited productivity, except with these emotional roots, and in many cases, these constructions are lexicalised.

The Comparative Eskimo Dictionary [16] relates this morpheme to the historical, reconstructed morpheme {yyaɣ-}, 'reach state of'. Kleinschmidt [9] does not give a direct translation, but notes that "it always expresses a strong movement in the mind." Schultz-Lorentzen [11] translates it as 'in strong affect'. Here, we shall translate the affix as 'Subject becomes Vb'ing', but with the restriction that it is only used with emotional roots.

Note also: Kleinschmidt [9] further adds that this affix may be followed by V{-(cc)ut(ə)}V, which denotes 'w.r.t. it'. Thus, this combination, i.e. -tsaappaa, seems to give the reason for the Subject being in the state of strong affect.


Meanings and examples

It is only used with verbs for moods/emotions to indicate a change into a particular mood, feeling or state of mind

  • aliatsappoq, he is in despair [11]

    Lexicalised, the base is not recorded in the dictionary but compare aliagaa, 'he mourns it', with V{-gə}V.

  • erinitsappoq, he becomes impatient [11]

    Lexicalised, from erinivoq, 'he is impatient; is tired of waiting'.

  • uumitsappoq, he becomes angered [11]

    The base is not recorded in any dictionary but compare uumigaa, 'he hates him', with V{-gə}V.