Details

General

Morphemic form: V{vkaq}V
New orthography: -kkarpoq
Old orthography: -vkarpoĸ
Sources:
[9]
[11]
[10]
Combinations: Click here
Left sandhi:
Default,
Right sandhi:
Default/none,
Inflection sandhi:
Default/none,
Stem type: q-stem
Diathesis: Patientive
Valency change: Increasing
Valency:
Divalent,

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

This is a non-productive affix found in some lexicalised words. Kleinschmidt [9] and Schultz-Lorentzen [10] translate it as 'Subject Vb entirely; through-and-through', but it is unclear from the examples why they believe it has this meaning. In contrast, according to the Comparative Eskimo Dictionary [15] , it derives from a morpheme {vkaʀ-}, which, according to these authors, denotes 'cause/let', similar to V{tət}V, which appears to have taken over this function in Kalaallisut. This translation also fits much better with the examples provided by Kleinschmidt and Schultz-Lorentzen, so we shall here use that instead.

Kleinschmidt [9] notes that the meaning becomes passive, when the affix is used with intransitive endings (without a HTR-morpheme). This is again similar to the behaviour of V{tət}V. Thus, the affix is non-agent-preserving (i.e. the diathesis is patientive), and presumably also with a similar mapping of Patient of the stem to Patient of the affix as V{tət}V, in case the affix is added to a divalent stem. Unfortunately, none of the dictionaries mention a HTR-form.


Meanings and examples

  • ikikkarpaa, he burns it up
    [10]

    Lexicalised, from ikivaa, 'he burns it; sets it alight'.

  • pikkarpaa, he kills him (with sorcery)
    [10]

    Lexicalised, presumably from the dummy base {pi}V, but it is unclear how this combination yields this meaning.

  • puikkarpoq, there is a mirage
    [10]

    Lexicalised, from puivoq, 'it appears out of the water', so literally 'it is caused to appear out of the water'.