Details
General
| Morphemic form: | V{yuma}V (Combinations) |
| New orthography: | +jumavoq, +umavoq, -kkumavoq, -rumavoq |
| Proto-eskimoic root: | yuɣuma- |
| Morpheme type: | Verbal modifier |
| Left sandhi: | Default (additive, epenthetic or phonotactically truncative) |
| Right sandhi: | None |
Description
Form and usage:
/y/ becomes /j/ on vowel stems (which is then not written when following [i]), and /g/ on consonant stems (which is then always strengthened to [kk] or merges with /q/ to /r/). I.e., the sound rule is thus:
- /Vy/ ⇒ /Vj/
- /Cy/ ⇒ /Cg/
See the examples for instances of this rule with each of the possible stem types.
A few other affixes (and all combinations using them) have this special pattern with /y/. According to Fortescue et al. (2010), they derive from one of the following:
- {yuɣuma-} (this affix)
- {yuminaq-}, see V{yuminaq}V
- {yuknaʀ-}, see V{yuknaq}V
- {yuknaiq-}, see V{yuknaiq}V
However, not all historically y-initial affixes display this behaviour, and it is not clear what has lead to its development. In the MOFO-morphemic form, we shall only use /y/ for the pattern described above.
Verb stem
| Right sandhi: | Regular |
| Valency: | Valency-preserving |
| Diathesis: | Unaltered (same as the stem) |
Meaning(s)
| Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|
| want to Vb | Other possible translations are 'will Vb' or 'would like to Vb' or 'desire to Vb'. See also V{(q)gusuk}V for a different affix with a synonymous meaning. | Examples |
| in order to Vb | When used with (positive) contemporative endings, e.g. -lluni, -llugu etc. | Examples |
| without Vb'ing | When used with negative contemporative endings, e.g. -nani, -nagu etc. |