Details
General
| Morphemic form: | V{(gi)jaqtuq}V |
| New orthography: | -artorpoq, -jartorpoq, -riartorpoq, -kkiartorpoq |
| Old orthography: | -iartorpoĸ |
| Combinations: | Click here |
| Variants: | V{(gi)jaqtuaaq}V, |
| See also: | V{(gi)jaqtuaaq}V, V{gijaq}V, |
| Left sandhi: | Irregular,
|
| Right sandhi: | Default/none,
|
| Inflection sandhi: | Default/none,
|
| Stem type: | q-stem |
| Diathesis: | None |
| Valency change: | Preserving |
| Valency: | None,
|
Description and behaviour
Form and usage:
This affix has two quite different meanings:
- go (somewhere) in order to Vb,
- Vb gradually, more and more.
There also exist two other affixes, each with one of the two meanings:
- V{gijaq}V, go (somewhere) in order to Vb,
- V{(gi)jaqtuaaq}V, Vb gradually, more and more.
They may be used instead of the present affix to disambiguate which meaning is meant.
V{(gi)jaqtuaaq}V seems to be an extension of V{(gi)jaqtuq}V, although it is not clear what the origin of the phonemes /aaq/ is. However, both have the same left-sandhi behaviour, which is governed by a special rule; namely that the (gi) segment is only present on consonant stems. The Comparative Eskimo Dictionary suggest that V{(gi)jaqtuq}V, in turn, may have been formed from a combination of the variant V{gijaq}V and a morpheme {tuʀ-} denoting repeated action, although this does not explain the special left-sandhi behaviour of this affix.
Left sandhi:
The affix is additive, but it also has an idiosyncratic left-sandhi rule: The initial segment (gi) is dropped on all vowel stems, but inserted on all consonant stems (including ut(ə)-stems, since this affix is additive and thus attaches to /t/). Thus, this affix has two forms:
- V{(gi)jaqtuq}V ⇒ /jaqtuq/ when following a vowel,
- V{(gi)jaqtuq}V ⇒ /gijaqtuq/ when following a consonant.
The affix then uses the ordinary sound rules, as usual, which then regularly generate four possible forms:
- -jartor- when following [a] or [u],
- -artor- when following [i], since /j/ is not written after [i] in the new orthography,
- -riartor- when following /q/, since /qg/ merge to /r/ as usual,
- -kkiartor- when following /k/ or /t/, since /kg/ and /tg/ both assimilate to [gg] which is strengthened to [kk] as usual.
Meanings and examples
The affix V{gijaq}V may alternatively be used in this sense, which can also help to disambiguate the meaning from the other usage of this affix ('more and more').
- suliartorpoq, he goes to work
[8]
This is a vowel stem, {suli}V, so we get /sulijaqtuqvuq/ ⇒ suliartorpoq. /gi/ drops, because it is a vowel stem, and /j/ is not written, because it follows an [i] sound.
- takujartorpaa, he goes (somewhere) to see it
Again, a vowel stem, {taku}V, so /gi/ drops.
- sinikkiartorpoq, he goes (somewhere) to sleep
[8]
This is a consonant stem, {sinək}V, so /gi/ is retained, thus we get /sinəkgijaqtuqvuq/, where /kg/ assimilate and strengthen to [kk] by the ordinary sound rules.
- atuariartorpoq, he goes (somewhere) to read
Again a consonant stem, {atuvaq}N, so /gi/ is retained and /qg/ merge to /r/ as usual.
This meaning may not be as common as 'go and Vb', but it does exist and is also used productively in this sense.
- issikkiartorpoq, it is getting colder and colder
From issippoq, 'it is cold'.
- paasileriartorpunga, I (am beginning to) understand it better and better
- ineriartorneq, development
[8]
From inerpoq, 'it is finished', so literally 'the act of becoming more and more finished'.
References
- [4] C.W. Schultz-Lorentzen (1958): Den Grønlandske Ordbog.
- [8] Christian Berthelsen, Birgitte Jakobsen, Robert Petersen, Inge Kleivan & Jørgen Rischel (1997): Oqaatsit.