Details

General

Morphemic form: {anurə}N
New orthography: anori, anorrit
Old orthography: anori, anorrit
Sources: [SK71], [JP67], [CWSL51], [CWSL58], [CBBJRPIKJR97]
Combinations: View list
Right sandhi: Default/none
Inflection sandhi: Geminating, Default/none
Stem type(s): ə-stem, ə-stem

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

The meaning of this stem is 'wind'. According to the Comparative Eskimo Dictionary [MFSJLK10], it derives from an historical morpheme {anuqə}, so this stem is one of the relatively rare, original ə-stems (rather than an /əq/ or /ək/ stem that has lost its final consonant).


Inflection sandhi:

This is a ə-stem, so the final /ə/ will regularly take the sound [a] when followed by a vowel-initial ending. However, according to several sources [SK71], [CWSL51], [JP67], [FAJN19] the stem also displays a rare form of gemination, of /r/ to /rr/, which is devoiced to [χχ] (spelt 'rr'), rather than being strengthened to [qq].

Furthermore, and perhaps due to the odd combination of features (ə-stem and rare gemination pattern), some speakers may also use the ergative singular form anorrup, rather than the regular anorrip, thus treating the stem as if it were *anoreq with metathesis (i.e. following a pattern like aaveq, aarrup and similar stems). This alternative form of the ergative singular is also mentioned by Kleinschmidt, Schultz-Lorentzen and Nielsen [SK71], [CWSL51], [FAJN19]. However, the form anoraa, 'its wind', with absolutive 3sg/sg possessive ending, clearly reveals that this stem in fact does not have metathesis.

Lastly, according to Schultz-Lorentzen [CWSL51], the stem may alternatively also decline without gemination; but (presumably) still with the stem-final /ə/ alternating between [i] and [a] according to the ə-rule.


Inflection

Declension pattern:

Stem type: ə-stem
Declension type: p-declined
Declension sandhi: Geminating
Gemination type: r⇒rr

Stem before consonant Stem before vowel Notable forms
New orthography anorri anora anori, anorrip, anorrup, anorrit,
Old orthography anorri anora anori, anorrip, anorrup, anorrit,
Phonemic orthography anurrə anurə anurə, anurrəp, anurrup, anurrət,

Notes on declension:

This is the declension with gemination of /r/ to [χχ], described by Kleinschmidt, Schultz-Lorentzen, Ordbogeeraq and Nielsen [SK71], [CWSL51], [JP67], [FAJN19]. The ergative singular form anorrip is the regular form in this pattern, but we also record the alternative (irregular) pseudo-up-declined form anorrup here.


Declension pattern:

Stem type: ə-stem
Declension type: p-declined
Declension sandhi: Default/none

Stem before consonant Stem before vowel Notable forms
New orthography anori anora anori, anorip, anorit,
Phonemic orthography anurə anurə anurə, anurəp, anurət,

Notes on declension:

This is the alternative declension without gemination mentioned by Schultz-Lorentzen [CWSL51].


Meanings and examples


References