Details

General

Morphemic form: {tuvi}N
New orthography: tui, tuffit
Old orthography: tue, tuvfit
Sources: [MFSJLK10], [SK71], [JP67], [CWSL58], [CBBJRPIKJR97]
Combinations: View list
Right sandhi: Assibilation (t⇒s)
Inflection sandhi: Geminating, p-declined, v⇒ff
Stem type: Vowel stem

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

The meaning of this stem is 'shoulder'.

According to the Comparative Eskimo Dictionary [MFSJLK10], the reconstructed, historical form is {tuyə}, so final vowel is actually historically /ə/. However, it never alternates according to the ə-rule, and, at least according to Kleinschmidt [SK71], it also causes assibilation of /t/ to /s/. Thus, we record it as /i/ here.

Furthermore, the stem declines with gemination, where the consonant (historically /y/) becomes [ff]. Thus, we record this as /v/.


Right sandhi:

The stem-final /i/ may assibilate a following /t/ to /s/.


Inflection

Inflection pattern:

Stem type: Vowel stem
Inflection sandhi: Geminating, p-declined, v⇒ff
Sources: [JP67]

Stem before consonant Stem before vowel Notable forms
New orthography tuffi tui tui, tuffip, tuffit, tuffi/tuini, tuffini, tuffisit
Old orthography tuvfi tui tue, tuvfip, tuvfit, tuvfe/tuine, tuvfine, tuvfisit
Phonemic orthography tuvvi tuvi tuvi, tuvvip, tuvvit, tuvvi/tuini, tuvvini, tuvvisət

Notes on inflection:

The stem inflects as a weak q-stem with p-declension and gemination of /v/ to [ff]. The /i/ will assibilate a /t/ in endings where possible; Kleinschmidt [SK71] mentions tuffisit, 'thy shoulders', i.e. with N{-tət}. Lastly, note the special, archaic absolutive 4sg/sg tuffi, 'his own shoulder' with N{'-i} beside the regular tuini in singular, and tuffini in plural.


Meanings and examples


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References