Details

General

Description

This affix is a straightforward combination of V{-(cc)utə}N and N{-gə}V. It thus inherits the special left-sandhi behaviour of the former, and the schwa-contraction of the latter.

Besides the more obvious combined meanings 'Agent Vb with/because of Patient' and 'Patient is Agent's cause/reason for Vb'ing' obtained from the meanings of the constituents, this affix also has a special meaning when used with endings in the contemporative mood: 'at the same time as SubjectVb'. When used in this sense, the endings can be either transitive or intransitive, andSubject` refers to the subject of the clause, regardless of whether that is the person mentioned in the ending or not.

The left-most constituent is V{-(cc)utə}N, so this combination inherits the special left-sandhi behaviour of that affix. It is truncative and may cause a preceding /aq/ to drop. The segment /cc/ is injected when following a long vowel /VV/, i.e. when phonotactics would otherwise regularly have required a /j/ to be inserted. Following stems in /əq/ and /VVq/ it may optionally join directly onto /q/, weakening it to /r/, rather than removing it.

Furthermore, a speciality of this combination (not seen on V{-(cc)utə}N alone) is that /u/ optionally may change to [i] when following an [i], i.e. the affix could alternatively be written as V{-(cc)Vtəgə}V instead, with a lengthening of the preceding vowel. However, as this behaviour is optional and seemingly not regular, we do not encode it in the form of the affix.

Verb stem

Meaning(s)