Details
General
| Morphemic form: | V{-(cc)utə}N (Combinations) |
| New orthography: | -ut, -at |
| Proto-eskimoic root: | -un |
| Variants: | V{ccutə}N, V{'-tə}N |
| Morpheme type: | Nominaliser |
| Left sandhi: | Special (see description) |
| Right sandhi: | None |
Description
Left sandhi:
This affix is truncative and may cause a stem-final /aq/ to drop. Furthermore, it seemingly prefers to inject /cc/ rather than the usual /j/ whenever a consonant is required by phonotactics, i.e. following a long vowel /VV/ (/uu/ or /aa/ in this case). According to Fortescue et al. (2010), this may also happen on t-stems, but I have not found any examples attesting this.
Note also that this affix will not remove a final /q/, but rather weaken it to /r/, if the stem ends in /əq/. This may also happen, if the stem ends in /VVq/, and thus be an alternative to injecting /cc/. Thus, the forms are:
- /ccutə/ when following /uu/ or /aa/,
- /rutə/ when following /əq/ and possibly /VVq/,
- /utə/ everywhere else, and possibly causing /aq/ drop.
Declension information
| Stem type: | tə-stem |
| Declension type: | p-declined |
| Declension sandhi: | Regular |
| ABS.sg | ERG.sg | ERG.pl | ALL.sg | ABS.3sg/sg | Special forms | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New orthography | -(ss)ut | -(ss)utip | -(ss)utit | -(ss)utimut | -(ss)utaa | |
| Phonemic notation | -(cc)utə | -(cc)utəp | -(cc)utət | -(cc)utəmut | -(cc)utəa |
Meaning(s)
| Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|
| tool/means for Vb'ing | Examples | |
| reason for Vb'ing | This seems to be the meaning in some older texts, but nowadays the variant V{ccutə}N seems to be preferred for this meaning. | Examples |
| time when | This also seems to be an old usage. It is mentioned in Schultz-Lorentzen (1958) but does not seem to be productively used in this sense nowadays. | Examples |