Details
General
| Morphemic form: | V{galuaq}N |
| New orthography: | -gigalua, -gigalui, -rigalua, -rigalui, -ugaluaq, -agaluaq |
| Old orthography: | -aluaĸ |
| Sources: | [9, 12, 11, 14] |
| Combinations: | Click here |
| Variants: | V{galuaq}V, N{galuaq}N, |
| Left sandhi: | Default,
|
| Right sandhi: | /aq/ drop,
|
| Inflection sandhi: | Irregular,
|
| Stem type: | Weak q-stem |
Description and behaviour
Form and usage:
The root of this affix is the same as V{galuaq}V. As a nominalising stem, it is only used after the two 'copula' affixes N{-u}V 'to be' and N{-gə}V 'have as'.
- When following N{-u}V, it never takes possessive endings.
- When following N{-gə}V, it is only used with possessive endings.
Kleinschmidt [9] also mentions a variant attaching directly to nominal stems built with the nominal future affix N{kcaq}N or the passive participle V{-ðaq}N. For this, see N{galuaq}N.
The meaning of the affix is similar to V{galuaq}V, in the sense that it is used to denote a contrast between some 'ideal' state and the actual state of the noun. This can manifest itself in different ways:
- With either N{-u}V or N{-gə}V it can denote 'former(ly) N' or 'something that was formerly had as N' (by the
Possessor). - With N{-u}V following a person name, or some other noun indicating a person, it means 'deceased'; i.e. 'one who formerly was N'.
- Following a noun stem with N{kcaq}N it denotes 'something which should have been N' (but isn't). This meaning can alternatively be expressed with the present affix being attached directly onto N{kcaq}N; see the variant N{galuaq}N for this.
Inflection sandhi:
The stem declines regularly as a weak q-stem with consonant-initial endings, but with drop of /aq/ before vowel-initial endings. Furthermore, this stem is up-declined, which thus also causes /aq/ to drop. In other words, with consonant-initial endings, it behaves like a weak q-stem, but with vowel-initial endings it behaves like a regular k-stem {galuk}. Very few other stems decline in this peculiar way: most notably N{(q)cuaq}N and N{ŋŋuaq}N.
Inflection
Declension pattern
| Declension type: | up-declined |
| Declension sandhi: | Irregular |
| Stem before consonant | Stem before vowel | Notable forms | |
|---|---|---|---|
| New orthography | +galua | +galu |
+galuaq
+galuup
+galuit
|
| Phonemic orthography | galua | galu |
galuaq
galuup
galuit
|
Notes on declension:
Note that this stem is both weak and up-declined, and the vowel-initial endings N{-up} and N{-it} cause /aq/ to drop. Of course, this also happens with vowel-initial possessive endings, thus yielding forms such as +galua, +galui.
Meanings and examples
where N here refers to the noun stem incorporated by either N{-u}V or N{-gə}V.
- illoqarfiugaluaq, a former town
From illoqarfik, 'town', i.e. a town that is now deserted, no longer inhabited etc.
- niuertoqarfiup illuutigigalui, houses formerly owned by the settlement
[2]
From {əŋlu}N{-utə}N, 'owned house', with N{-gə}V and possessive ending ABS.3sg/pl N{-i}. Here we see the /aq/ drop before the vowel-initial ending N{-i}.
When used on person names and nouns denoting persons.
- angutigigalua, his late father
[9]
From {aŋutə}N, 'man', which, when possessed, denotes 'father'; hence literally 'the one who was formerly had as father by him'.
- Siimuugaluaq, the late Simon
[9]
From Siimu, a greenlandised version of the name Simon.