Details

General

Morphemic form: V{-utəgə}V
New orthography: -utigaluni, -atigaluni, -itigaluni, -jutigaluni
Old orthography: -utigâ
Combinations: Click here
Constituents: V{-(cc)utə}N, N{-gə}V,
Variants: V{-(cc)utəgə}V, V{ccutəgə}V,
Left sandhi:
Truncative,
/aq/ deleting,
Right sandhi:
Default/none,
Inflection sandhi:
ə-contraction,
Stem type: ə-stem
Diathesis: Reflexive
Valency change: Increasing
Valency:
Divalent,

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

This affix is a variant of V{-(cc)utəgə}V, i.e. a combination of V{-(cc)utə}N and N{-gə}V. However, unlike its variant, this affix is apparently not used with the epenthetic /cc/ being injected following a long vowel /VV/. Instead, it just regularly injects /j/ in such cases (which hence is not indicated in the morphemic form).

The affix is only used with endings in the contemporative mood (with ə-contractive endings), and with the person marked in the ending referring to the subject of the main clause. Because of this coreference, if the subject of the main clause is a 3rd person, then a 4th person marker will be used in the contemporative ending for this affix, i.e. -luni, -lutik.

The general meaning of the affix is 'at the same time as Subject Vb', where Subject refers to the subject of the main clause. This can be translated in two slightly different ways, depending on whether the verb stem describes an instantaneous event (a transition), or an action of some duration (a state):

Consider the following examples:

When used in this sense, the endings can be either transitive or intransitive, and Subject refers to the subject of the clause, regardless of whether that is the person mentioned in the ending or not.


Left sandhi:

The left-most constituent is a variant of V{-(cc)utə}N, so this combination inherits the special left-sandhi behaviour of that affix:

However, unlike V{-(cc)utə}N, this variant seems to prefer to inject /j/ (the regular choice), rather than /cc/ when required by phonotactics. Furthermore, a speciality of this combination (not seen on V{-(cc)utə}N alone) is that /u/ optionally may change to [i] when following an [i], i.e. the affix could alternatively be written as V{-Vtəgə}V instead, with a lengthening of the preceding vowel. Note also that this change depends on the preceding sound, and not on the underlying phoneme: Both true /i/ and an original /ə/ (that has taken the sound [i]) can trigger this. However, as this behaviour is optional and seemingly not regular, we do not encode it in the form of the affix.


Right sandhi:

Right sandhi is inherited from the right-most component, N{-gə}V. See this for details.


Inflection sandhi:

Inflection sandhi is inherited from the right-most component, N{-gə}V. See this for details.


Meanings and examples

With endings in the contemporative mood. It can also be 'while', if the verbal action has some duration, rather than being an instantaneous event.

  • aniutigaluni, just as he went out (then ...)
    [8]

    Here in the regular form, with [u] following [i].

  • erinarsuutigaluni, while (he was) singing, (then ...)
    [8]

  • isiitigaluni, just as he came in (then ...)
    [8]

    From {isəq}V, i.e. iserpoq, illustrating the [i] change. Regularly formed isiutigaluni is also possible.

  • neriitigaluni, while (he was) eating (then ...)
    [8]

    From nerivoq, illustrating the [i] change. Regularly formed neriutigaluni is also possible.

  • aalisaatigaluni, while (he was) fishing (then ...)
    [8]

  • agiaatigaluni, while (he was) playing violin (then ...)
    [8]

  • qiaatigaluni, while (he was) crying (then ...)
    [8]

  • naalaatigaluni, while (he was) listening/obeying (then ...)
    [8]

  • titartaajutigaluni, while (he was) drawing (then ...)
    [8]


References