Details

General

Morphemic form: V{-(cc)utəgə}V
New orthography: -utigaa, -atigaa, -ssutigaa, -utiginnippoq, -atiginnippoq, -ssutiginnippoq
Old orthography: -utigâ
Sources: [14, 11, 8]
Combinations: Click here
Constituents: V{-(cc)utə}N, N{-gə}V,
Variants: V{ccutəgə}V, V{'-təgə}V, V{-utəgə}V,
See also: V{niutə}N, V{niariutə}N,
Left sandhi:
Truncative,
/aq/ deleting,
Right sandhi:
Default/none,
Inflection sandhi:
ə-contraction,
Stem type: ə-stem
Diathesis: Reflexive (BP)
Valency:
Patient increasing,
HTR morpheme: nnək
HTR stem: -(cc)utegənnək,

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

This affix is a straightforward combination of V{-(cc)utə}N and N{-gə}V. It thus inherits the special left-sandhi behaviour of the former, and the schwa-contraction of the latter.

The general meaning of this affix is 'Agent Vb with/because of Patient' and 'Patient is Agent's cause/reason for Vb'ing', which is obtained from the meanings of the constituents. However, this combination also has a special meaning when used with endings in the contemporative mood: 'at the same time as Subject` Vb'. However, confusingly, when used in this sense, the affix seems to prefer to inject /j/ (the regular choice), rather than /cc/ when required by phonotactics. We therefore record this special meaning as a separate affix: see the variant V{-utəgə}V.

According to Nielsen [8], this affix can work in a similar way as V{-(cc)ut(ə)}V and its variants, if the affix is added to a trivalent stem with its secondary Patient role expected in the instrumental case; e.g. tunivaa. Here, it will exchange the primary and secondary Patient roles, and the new secondary Patient will instead appear in the allative case.


Left sandhi:

Left sandhi is inherited from the left-most component, V{-(cc)utə}N. See this for details.


Meanings and examples

  • aallarniutigaa, he starts with it [14]

    The stem is {aullaqniaq}V, so this example illustrates aq-drop.

  • assartuutigaa, he uses it for transportation [14]
  • kamaatigaa, he is angry because of it [14]
  • annaatigaa, he is saved because of it [14]
  • tusaatigaa, he hears (something) with (the aid of) it [14]
  • Nukamut neqini tunissutigaa, he gives his meat to Nuka [8]

    From Nuka neqiminik tunivaa, 'he1 gives Nuka his1 meat'. In the unmodified sentence, Nuka is the primary Object and therefore appears in the absolutive case and has focus; whilst neqiminik, 'his1 meat' is the secondary Object and appears in the instrumental case (here 4sg possessive, because the owner is the same as the Subject), and it is not in focus. In contrast, in the modified sentence, neqini, 'his1 meat' is the primary Object and therefore appears in the absolutive case and is in focus; whilst Nukamut is the secondary Object and appears in the allative case.


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