Details

General

Morphemic form: V{tcak}V
New orthography: -tsappoq
Old orthography: -tsagpoĸ
Sources: [SK71], [JP67], [CWSL58], [CBBJRPIKJR97]
Combinations: View list
Left sandhi: Default
Right sandhi: Default/none
Inflection sandhi: Default/none
Stem type: k-stem
Diathesis: None
Valency: Preserving

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

This affix is only used with verbs for moods/emotions to indicate a change into a particular mood, feeling or state of mind. Thus, the affix has limited productivity, except with these emotional roots, and in many cases, these constructions are lexicalised.

The Comparative Eskimo Dictionary [MFSJLK10] relates this morpheme to the historical, reconstructed morpheme {yyaɣ-}, 'reach state of'. Kleinschmidt [SK71] does not give a direct translation, but notes that "it always expresses a strong movement in the mind." Schultz-Lorentzen [CWSL58] translates it as 'in strong affect'. Here, we shall translate the affix as 'Subject becomes Vb'ing', but with the restriction that it is only used with emotional roots.

Note also: Kleinschmidt [SK71] further adds that this affix may be followed by V{-(cc)ut(ə)}V, which denotes 'w.r.t. it'. Thus, this combination, i.e. -tsaappaa, seems to give the reason for the Subject being in the state of strong affect.


Meanings and examples

It is only used with verbs for moods/emotions to indicate a change into a particular mood, feeling or state of mind.

  • aliatsappoq, he is in despair [CWSL58]

    Lexicalised, the base is not recorded in the dictionary but compare aliagaa, 'he mourns it', with V{-gə}V.

  • erinitsappoq, he becomes impatient [CWSL58]

    Lexicalised, from erinivoq, 'he is impatient; is tired of waiting'.

  • uumitsappoq, he becomes angered [CWSL58]

    The base is not recorded in any dictionary but compare uumigaa, 'he hates him', with V{-gə}V.

  • nuannaatsappoq, he suddenly became over-joyed [FAJN19]

    From nuannaarpoq, 'he is happy, joyous'.

  • pikkutsappoq, he suddenly felt shy [FAJN19]

    From pikkuppoq, 'he feels shy; he holds himself back'.

  • ersitsappoq, he suddenly became terrified [FAJN19]

    From ersivoq, 'he is afraid, frightened'.


Tags

References