Details

General


Morphemic form: V{ðarijaqaq}V
New orthography: +tariaqarpoq, +sariaqarpoq
Old orthography: -iaĸarpoĸ, -tariaĸarpoĸ, -ssariaĸarpoĸ
Sources: [SK71, under .giaq], [CWSL58, under -iaĸarpoĸ], [CBBJRPIKJR97], [MF84], [FAJN19]
Combinations: View list
Constituents: V{ðaq}V + V{-rijaqaq}V
Variants: V{-rijaqaq}V
Left sandhi: Default
Right sandhi: Default/none
Inflection sandhi: Default/none
Stem type: q-stem

Description and behaviour


Form and usage:

This affix denotes an obligation or need to Vb. According to Schultz-Lorentzen [CWSL58], this notion of obligation derives from the component -iaĸ, i.e. the affix V{-rijaq}N, and he records this affix as -iaĸarpoĸ.

The present affix is formed from a combination of V{ðaq}V and V{-rijaqaq}V, and the meaning is the same as the latter affix, according to Kleinschmidt [SK71]. V{ðaq}V does not seem to contribute anything to the meaning, but it is so commonly used with V{-rijaqaq}V that they are nowadays become a single affix. For example, the Oqaatsit dictionary [CBBJRPIKJR97] only records the present combination, but not V{-rijaqaq}V on its own.

The meaning of the present affix is the same as V{-rijaqaq}V, so see that for a longer description of the meanings. Briefly, there are three:

Kleinschmidt [SK71] considers the third usage 'improper speech', but it nevertheless appears to be quite common today, whereas the valency-decreasing usages may be less common and more likely to be found in older writings.


Meanings and examples


This is the valency-decreasing meaning on monovalent stems. The result is an avalent stem, which can only take an impersonal 3sg or 4sg ending.

  • ingittariaqarpoq, one (people) ought to sit down [CWSL58]

    From ingippoq, 'he sits down'. This is difficult to translate directly, since the meaning is avalent; i.e. something like 'there ought to be down-sitting', without directly saying who it is that ought to sit down.

  • anisariaqarpoq, one (people) must go out [SK71]

    From anivoq, 'he goes out/exits'.

  • anniariaqarpoq, one must suffer (i.e. tolerate) the pain [SK71]

    From anniarpoq, 'he suffers/feels pain'.

This is the valency-decreasing meaning on divalent stems. The result is a monovalent stem with the Patient promoted to Actor. The Agent can optionally be specified in the allative case.

  • kaattariaqarpoq, it must be hammered [CWSL58]

    Or 'there must be hammering', from kaappaa, 'he strikes it' (with a stone or hammer).

  • salittariaqarpoq, it must be cleaned [CWSL58]

    From salippaa, 'he cleans it'.

  • ornittariaqarpunga, I must be approached [CWSL58]

    From ornippaa, 'he approaches him'. This example is difficult to translate directly. The meaning is something like: 'they must come to me', but without mentioning who 'they' are; i.e. 'I must be come-to'ed'.

  • nersortariaqarputit, thou ought to be praised [CWSL58]

    From nersorpaa, 'he praises him'.

  • uannut ataqqisariaqarpoq, he ought to be honoured by me [CWSL58]

    From ataqqivaa, 'he honours him'. Note that the underlying Agent 'I' is here added in the allative case (uannut).

  • paarisariaqartippara, I consider it necessary that it is looked after [CWSL58]

    From paaraa, 'he looks after it'. Here the stem is first passivised, i.e. paarisariaqarpoq, 'it must be looked after', and then transitivised with V{tət}V in the sense of 'think/consider'.

  • atortariaqarpoq, it must be used [CBBJRPIKJR97]

    From atorpaa, 'he uses it'.

This is the newer, valency-preserving meaning, which Kleinschmidt [SK71] considered incorrect, but is common today. It can be used on stems on any valency and does not affect the roles.

  • makittariaqarpoq, he has to get up [CBBJRPIKJR97]
  • sinittariaqarpoq, he needs to sleep [CBBJRPIKJR97]
  • qimaasariaqarpoq, he must flee [CBBJRPIKJR97]
  • nerisariaqarpoq, he needs to eat [CBBJRPIKJR97]
  • sulisariaqarpoq, he needs to work [CBBJRPIKJR97]
  • utoqqatsertariaqarputit, you ought to apologize
  • pujortartariaqanngikkaluarpunga, I ought not to smoke (but ...)

    With V{ŋŋit}V (negation) and V{galuaq}V (but ...).

  • pisariaqarpoq, it is necessary [CWSL58]

    With the dummy root {pi}V, giving the pure meaning of the affix.

  • tigusariaqarpara, I must take it [CWSL58]

    From tiguaa, 'he takes it'.

  • taama taasariaqanngilaa, he ought not to call him thus [CWSL58]

    From taavaa, 'he names/calls him (something)', and with the negation affix V{ŋŋit}V.

  • eqqaamaneqatariaqarpoq, it must be remembered [FAJN19]

    From eqqaamaneqarpoq, 'it is remembered'. Here, the passivising affix V{nəqaq}V has been added in front of the present affix to clarify that the passive meaning is intended.


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