Details

General

Morphemic form: {atqanəq}N
New orthography: aqqaneq, aqqarngat
Old orthography: arĸaneĸ, arĸarngat
Sources: [MFSJLK10], [SK71], [CWSL51], [CWSL58], [CBBJRPIKJR97], [JP67]
Combinations: View list
Constituents: {atə}N + {?} + V{nəq}N
Right sandhi: Default/none
Inflection sandhi: Metathesis
Stem type(s): Strong q-stem

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

This stem denotes the number 11. It is only used for counting and telling the time. Note that this number is singular, even though the meaning is plural; thus, the stem is used with singular endings, e.g. aqqanermut.

For the quantity, which is used for naming anything consisting of 11 parts (e.g. years, months, days), see {atqanələk}N.

Etymology:

According to the Comparative Eskimo Dictionary [MFSJLK10], the root of this morpheme is the directional stem {atə}N, 'area below'. The meaning is that counting above 10 continues on the toes.

These authors suggest that the next morpheme is {aʀ}, i.e. N{-aq}N, presumably with elision of /ə/, but it is not clear whence the /q/ in /atq/ is come. Furthermore, the following morpheme is supposedly {nəʀ}, i.e. V{nəq}N, but this affix normally connects to verbal stems. Thus, we should expect the /qa/ segment to be a verbalising morpheme, but N{-aq}N is a nominal extender. We therefore record the segment /qa/ as unknown here.


Inflection sandhi:

The possessive endings are used to form the ordinal numbers, and these are declined with metathesis. As usual, /qn/ can be spelt 'rn', or the combination may become [NN] (nasal uvular), spelt 'rng'.


Inflection

Declension pattern:

Stem type: Strong q-stem
Declension type: up-declined
Declension sandhi: Metathesis
Metathesis type: Cəq⇒qn or qŋ

Stem before consonant Stem before vowel Notable forms
New orthography aqqaner aqqarng aqqaneq, aqqarngup, aqqarngit
Old orthography arĸaner arĸarng arĸaneĸ, arĸarngup, arĸarngit
Phonemic orthography atqanəq atqaqn atqanəq, atqaqnup, atqaqnit


Meanings and examples

The number is singular and is used with singular endings.

  • aqqanermut, at 11 o'clock

    Note the singular ending is used (as is also the case with ataaseq, arfineq, arfersaneq).

  • immikkoortut aqqarngat, eleventh chapter

    I.e. chapter 11. Note that the possessor immikkoortut 'chapters' is plural, but the possessive ending is singular (ABS.3pl/sg). Thus, the literal translation is the chapters' eleveth.

  • novembarip (ulluisa) aqqarnganni, on the 11th of November

    Literally 'November's days' eleventh'. Note that ulluisa, with ERG.3sg/pl, is often omitted, even though the ending on aqqaneq still is plural.

  • aqqaninngorpoq, it is 11 o'clock [SK71]

    With N{ŋŋuq}N, which is used to express 'it is N o'clock'.


Search the corpus for further examples.


Tags

References