Details

General

Morphemic form: {qak}N, {qa}N, {qaaq}N
New orthography: qaa, qaava, qammut, qaaq
Old orthography: ĸâ, ĸâva, ĸangmut, ĸâĸ
Sources: [MFSJLK10], [SK71], [JP67], [CWSL51], [CWSL58], [CBBJRPIKJR97]
Combinations: View list
Right sandhi: Default/none
Inflection sandhi: Default/none, up-declined
Stem type: k-stem

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

The meaning of this stem is 'surface of Possessor', opposite of {iluk}N, which denotes the inside. Kleinschmidt [SK71] remarks that the 'surface' always denotes the overside, i.e. the side pointing upwards / away from the ground.


Right sandhi:

According to Kleinschmidt [SK71], it is primarily the first form, {qak}N, that is used. Alternatively, the third form, {qaaq}N, which is sometimes considered an independent stem, may be used.


Inflection

Inflection pattern:

Stem type: k-stem
Inflection sandhi: Default/none, up-declined
Sources: [JP67], [SK71]

Notes on inflection:

When this stem is inflected, it is the second form, {qa}N, that is used. Thus, this stem is technically a vowel-stem. However, according to Kleinschmidt [SK71], it is only used with possessive endings.

The only exception is, that the first form, {qak}N, is used in the allative singular in the sense of 'upwards (from within); towards the surface'. Here, we can see that it actually is a regular k-stem: The forms are qammut in the new orthography, and ĸangmut in the old orthography. The assimilated consonant, written 'ng' in the old orthography, reflects this stem-final /k/.

The third form, {qaaq}N, may also be used with inflection endings, and this form is inflected like an ordinary weak q-stem, with regular injection of an epenthetic /v/ before vowel-initial endings. It seems to be used interchangeably with the second form.


Meanings and examples

Tags: Space, Spatial/positional noun

  • ilisiviup qaaniippoq, it is (located) on the shelf [SK71]

    I.e., on the surface/overside of the shelf.

  • illerfiup qaanut iliuk, put it on (top of) the shelf [SK71]
  • qaqqap qaanit oqaluppaluppoq, there are voices heard from the (top of) mountain [SK71]
  • qaamigut panerpoq, it is dry on the outside [SK71]

    Note that 'on' is expressed in the vialis case, so literally 'along the surface'.

  • iluanit qaanut, from the inside to the outside [SK71]

    I.e. to the surface of it.

  • qammut, upwards; towards the surface [CWSL58]

    In the un-possessed allative case, singular.


Search the corpus for further examples.


Tags

References