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General

Description

This is a non-standard combination of {tunə}V and V{-ut(ə)}V, where the latter has caused gemination of /n/ in the stem. This is thus a t(ə)-stem, so see the entry for V{-ut(ə)}V for a detailed description of their right-sandhi behaviour.

Note that the /ə/ in {tunə}V is here rendered as /i/, because it will not change to [a] even though it is followed by /u/ in the construction. Historically it is a /ə/, though, so this change is just an artifact of the notation and does not indicate the presence of another morpheme.

The stem is trivalent, like {tunə}V. The effect of adding V{-ut(ə)}V is to switch the focus of the Patient and Object. Thus, the meaning of this stem is 'Agent gives Patient (to Object)'. Agent and Patient are marked in the ending as usual, whereas Object is optional and is indicated in the Allative case (-mut, -nut). Hence, in this construction, focus is on the giver and the given thing, thus giving them a definite meaning, whereas the recipient is defocused, thus giving it an indefinite meaning (an Object). See also {tunə}V for a construction with the opposite focus

Verb stem

Meaning(s)