Details
General
| Morphemic form: | V{ðəgə}V |
| New orthography: | +tigaa, +sigaa, -tsigaa |
| Old orthography: | -tigâ, -ssigâ, -sigâ |
| Sources: |
[10]
[13]
|
| Combinations: | Click here |
| Constituents: | V{ðə}N, N{-gə}V, |
| Left sandhi: | Default,
|
| Right sandhi: | Default/none,
|
| Inflection sandhi: | ə-contraction,
|
| Stem type: | ə-stem |
| Diathesis: | Reflexive |
| Valency change: | Preserving |
| Valency: | Divalent,
|
| HTR morpheme: | nnək,
|
| HTR stem: | ðəgənnək, |
Description and behaviour
Form and usage:
This affix is a straightforward combination of the active participle V{ðə}N and the verbal possessive N{-gə}V.
It reverses the role of Agent and Patient, thus giving the resulting verb a passive meaning, but without omitting any of the roles.
The active participle is often used with possessive endings to denote
- 'the Vb'er of
Possessor=Patient' = 'the one who Vb'sPossessor=Patient'.
In the present affix, the verbal possessive affix just replaces the nominal possessive endings, so the meaning instead becomes
- '
AgenthasPatientas his Vb'er' = 'Patientis the one who Vb's theAgent'.
or more briefly 'Agent is Vb'ed by Patient'.
Stated more simply, the affix switches the roles of Agent and Patient in the stem, similar to a passive construction, but without actually removing the Agent role.
To spell it out in detail:
- asavara, 'I love him',
Agent=1sg (I) andPatient=3sg (him), the ending is V{vara}, - asasi, 'the one who loves (someone)',
- asasaa, 'his lover' = 'the one who loves him',
Possessor=Patient=3sg/sg, the ending is absolutive possessive 3sg/sg N{-a}, - asasigaanga, 'he has me as his lover' = 'I am the lover of him',
Agent=3sg (he) andPatient=1sg (me), the ending is V{vaaŋa}.
Thus, in the direct construction asavara we use the 1sg/3sg ending V{vara}, but to express the same relationship with this affix, we instead use the 3sg/1sg ending V{vaaŋa}, because the roles of Agent and Patient are switched.
Conversely, using the same ending, i.e. asasigaara, would yield the opposite relationship, 'he is the lover of me'.
Meanings and examples
I.e. 'Agent has Patient as his Vb'er'.
- ajoqersortigaa, he is taught/instructed by him
[10]
From ajoqersorpaa, 'he teaches/instructs him'.
- sinnersigaa, he is replaced by him
[10]
From sinnerpaa, 'he replaces him'.
- asasigaa, he is loved by him
[10]
From asavaa, 'he loves him'.
- malitsigaa, he is followed by him
[9]
From malippaa, 'he follows him'
- oqaluffigisigaa, he is addressed by him
[9]
From oqaluffigaa, 'he addresses him'.