Details

General

Morphemic form: V{tquŋŋit}V
New orthography: -qqunngilaa
Old orthography: -rĸúngilâ
Sources: [14, 11]
Combinations: Click here
Constituents: V{tqu}V, V{ŋŋit}V,
Left sandhi:
Default,
Right sandhi:
Assibilation (t⇒s),
tð⇒ts,
Inflection sandhi:
Irregular,
Stem type: t-stem
Diathesis: Reflexive
Valency change: Increasing
Valency:
Divalent,

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

This is a straightforward combination of V{tqu}V and V{ŋŋit}V, denoting 'Agent forbids Patient to Vb'. When used with intransitive form without an intervening HTR-morpheme, the meaning is reflexive: 'Agent forbids (some-/anyone) to Vb him'.

If the stem is monovalent, the affix will increase the valency (with the former Actor as Patient). However, if the stem is divalent, it will increase the valency by introducing a new Agent (shadowing the Agent role of the stem). See V{tqu}V for details.

As with V{tqu}V, the diathesis is reflexive. Thus, if this affix is used in intransitive form without an intervening HTR-morpheme, the meaning becomes: 'Agent forbids (some-/anyone) to Vb him'.


Right sandhi:

Right sandhi is inherited from the right-most component, V{ŋŋit}V. See this for details.


Inflection sandhi:

Inflection sandhi is inherited from the right-most component, V{ŋŋit}V. See this for details.


Meanings and examples

Or 'does not permit' or similar.

  • aallaqqunngilaa, he forbids him to travel [14]
  • iluarsaateqqunngilaa, he forbids him to renovate it [14]

    From iluarsaappaa, a t(ə)-stem.

  • nereqqunngilaa, he forbids him to eat [14]
  • iseqqunngilaanga, he did not permit me to come inside [11]

    Literally 'he did not bid me come in'.

When used with intransitive form without an intervening HTR-morpheme.

  • mitaatigeqqunngilaq, he does not want to be made fun off [11]

    From mitaatigaa, 'he makes fun of him', with intransitive form without HTR, i.e. 'he forbids (some-/anyone) to make fun of him'.