Details

General

Morphemic form: N{-ŋiq}V
New orthography: -ngerpaa
Old orthography: -ngerpâ
Sources: [9, 12, 11]
Combinations: Click here
Variants: N{-iq}V,
Left sandhi:
Truncative,
Irregular,
Right sandhi:
Assibilation (t⇒s),
Inflection sandhi:
Default/none,
Stem type: q-stem
Diathesis: Patientive (NAP)
Valency:
Divalent,
HTR morpheme: ði
HTR stem: -ŋii,

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

This affix is a non-productive variant of N{-iq}V, found in a number of lexicalised constructions. In particular, it is used with spatial nouns to denote: 'Agent has entered into the N of Patient' or 'Agent positions himself at the N of Patient'. Thus it appears to be more or less equivalent to using a construction with verbalisation of possessive locative or allative.

Additionally, it is also used in the same sense as N{-iq}V, i.e. 'Agent deprives Patient of N' in a few, lexicalised constructions, especially following stems ending in /ə/, /ək/ and /əq/. This is not productive; for productive usage see the variant instead.


Left sandhi:

The affix is normally truncative. When the affix attached to a ə-stem, it seems that /ə/ has taken the sound [a], rather than the expected sound [i]. This is particularly evident with spatial nouns, since many of these are ə-stems, but there are also other examples. Note the following:

However, this only seems to happen in cases where the stem ends on /ə/. When the stem ends on /ək/ or /əq/, the final consonant is just removed, but /ə/ takes the sound [i] as usual.


Right sandhi:

It is not directly described anywhere that this affix has assibilation, but since it is a variant of N{-iq}V, which does have assibilation, the present affix presumably does too.


Meanings and examples

With spatial nouns as N. This can be views as a specialisation of the other meaning, 'deprive', i.e. 'Agent deprives Patient of the space N (by invading it)'.

  • atangerpaa, he stands below it; at the foot of it (a mountain) [9]

    From {atə}N, 'area below'.

  • avatangerpaa, he has come to be at the same level as it; at the same latitude [9]

    From {avatə}N, 'area at the same latitude' (e.g. out from the coast).

  • qulangerpaa, he floats above it; he has come to be above it [9]

    From {qulə}N, 'area above'.

  • paangerpaa, he positions himself at the entrance to it [9]

    From paaq, 'entrance (to an old inuit house)'.

  • saangerpaa, he positions himself in front of it [9]

    From saaq, 'front'.

  • akingerpaa, he positions himself opposite of him [14]

    Lexicalised, from {aki}N, 'area opposite'. Note also a different example of akingerpaa below, from a different stem.

  • assungerpaa, he places himself in the wind-side of it [12]

    I.e. the side of it that its exposed to the wind. From assoq, 'wind-side'.

  • silatangerpaa, he positions himself outside of it [12]

    From {silatə}N, 'area outside'

Only in a few, lexicalised constructions. For the productive usage see N{-iq}V.

  • akingerpaa, he breaks the hooks of it [9]

    From {akək}N, 'hook (on a harpoon)'. Note also a different example of _akingerpaa above, from a different stem.

  • issingerpaa, he squeezes the juice out of it (a fruit) [9]

    Lexicalised, from {əvsəq}N, 'juice'.

  • qallingerpaa, he picks the crust of it (a wound) [12]

    Lexicalised, from {qaðliq}N. Note that this is irregularly formed; there is no reason why the variant N{-iq}V should not have been used here instead. This may indicate that this word was formed before the initial /ŋ/ was dropped from the productive usage of the moprheme {ŋiʀ-}.

  • inangerpaa, he displaces him; takes his place/space [12]

    From {ənə}N, here in the sense of 'space'.

When used intransitively without a HTR-morpheme.

  • nipangerpoq, he shuts up [9]

    From {nəpə}N, 'voice', so literally 'he has been deprived of his voice'.

  • imangerpoq, he stops crying [9]

    Originally from {əmə}N, 'voice', according to the Comparative Eskimo Dictionary [16], although this base is not used on its own in Kalaallisut.

  • nukingerpoq, he hurries up [9]

    From {nukək}N, 'strength', so literally 'he is de-strengthened', i.e. he expends his strength.


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