Details

General

Morphemic form: N{tqut(ə)}V
New orthography: -qquppaa
Old orthography: -rĸúpâ
Sources: [9, 12, 11, 14, 8]
Combinations: Click here
Constituents: ?, V{-(cc)ut(ə)}V,
Left sandhi:
Default,
Right sandhi:
t(ə) sandhi,
Irregular,
Inflection sandhi:
Default/none,
Stem type: t(ə)-stem
Diathesis: Reflexive (BP)
Valency:
Divalent,
HTR morpheme: ði
HTR stem: tqutci,

Description and behaviour

Form and usage:

The meaning of this affix is: 'Agent passes through the N of Patient'. Given this meaning, it has limited productivity: it is only used with stems denoting a space or area, i.e. spatial nouns.


Right sandhi:

This affix is a t(ə)-stem, but it has a strange HTR-form; -qqutsivoq. Thus, it takes its HTR-morpheme as if it were a true t-stem. Likewise, it also forms its passive participle, in combination with V{-ðaq}N, as -qqutaq, thus again behaving as if it were a true t-stem. The latter is seen in e.g. avaqqutaq from avaqquppaa. See further under right sandhi for the component V{-(cc)ut(ə)}V.


Inflection sandhi:

Inflection sandhi is inherited from the right-most component, V{-(cc)ut(ə)}V. See this for details.


Meanings and examples

Only with spatial nouns denoting an area.

  • avaqquppaa, he goes around it [11]

    Compare {avatə}N, 'area besides/out from'.

  • tunoqquppaa, he goes behind it [11]

    From tunu, 'backside' or 'area behind'.

  • saneqquppaa, he goes past it [11]

    From sani, 'area besides'.

  • sioqqutsivoq, he is (too) early [12]

    I.e. he arrives before the set time. From {sivu}N, 'time/area in front of', and the HTR-form of sioqquppaa.

  • kingoqqutsivoq, he is (too) late [12]

    I.e. he arrives after the set time. From {kiŋu}N, 'time/area behind', and the HTR-form of kingoqquppaa.


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